Ecosystem / Research
Token-2022 extension that encrypts balances and transfer amounts.
Boundary · Mint, token accounts, owners, transaction participation
#payments#disclosure
Solana Docs — Privacy for financial applications ↗Programmable privacy via Rings, documented by Helius. Default Ring is confidential; Custom Rings can be configured by policy.
Boundary · Default Ring: sender and recipient
#payments#disclosure
Solana Docs — Privacy for financial applications ↗Standard for deriving one-time recipient addresses from a stealth meta-address.
Boundary · Sender, amount, announcement, later spending patterns
#recipient-privacy
EIP-5564 — Stealth Addresses ↗Smart-contract shielded system with 0zk addresses, separate spending and viewing keys.
Boundary · Shield and unshield transactions, their amounts and timing
#payments#disclosure
RAILGUN Docs — Wallets and keys ↗Confidential smart contracts using fully homomorphic encryption with coprocessors and threshold decryption.
Boundary · Callers, contract addresses, timing, allowed decryptions
#confidential-computation
Zama — Confidential Blockchain Protocol litepaper ↗Zero-knowledge group membership and anonymous signaling with nullifiers.
Boundary · Group membership commitments, the signal, the nullifier
#identity-and-governance
Semaphore — Anonymous signaling ↗ethereum.org overview of why Ethereum is public by default and the tools that add privacy.
Boundary · By default, everything
#network-or-ecosystem
ethereum.org — Privacy on Ethereum ↗| Technology | Protected information | Remaining visibility | Trust assumptions | Ecosystem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solana Confidential Balances | Token balances, transfer amounts | Mint, token accounts, owners, transaction participation | Token programs; optional auditor key can decrypt transfer amounts | Solana |
| Solana Privacy Rings (beta) | Default Ring: asset and amount. Custom Rings: may also hide sender and recipient | Default Ring: sender and recipient | Ring policy and its operator; beta APIs | Solana |
| ERC-5564 Stealth Addresses | Link between recipient identity and receiving address | Sender, amount, announcement, later spending patterns | Cryptography; recipient scanning; careful gas funding | Ethereum / EVM |
| RAILGUN | Balances and transfers inside the system | Shield and unshield transactions, their amounts and timing | Contracts and circuits; Broadcasters that submit transactions | EVM chains |
| Zama Protocol (FHE) | Encrypted inputs and state per contract access rules | Callers, contract addresses, timing, allowed decryptions | Threshold key holders, coprocessors, app access-control logic | Multiple public chains |
| Semaphore | Which group member sent a signal | Group membership commitments, the signal, the nullifier | Group administrator; relayer if used to submit | Ethereum / EVM |
| Ethereum privacy landscape | Depends on the tool chosen | By default, everything | Varies by tool | Ethereum |
